Poems for study » God's Grandeur » Commentary on God's Grandeur
Nature as God’s book
The sonnet opens with a very definite statement, which gives it its title. The first three lines of the octave are written in confident mood, a statement of faith for Hopkins. The natural Creation is God’s handiwork, and its greatness will inevitably give some sign of God’s greatness as its Creator.
This thought is a very traditional one among Christians, and is reflected in a number of Bible passages, with all of which Hopkins would have been very familiar:
- For example, Psalm 19:1-6 contains this verse:
handywork.’ (Psalms 19:1 AV)
and then the passage continues with a wonderful image of the sun as a bridegroom.
- In the New Testament, Paul suggests a similar thought:
The particular passage Hopkins probably had in mind was Psalm 104. This forms the subtext, an underlying text which helps give shape to the thought and imagery of a literary text. Not all texts have subtexts, but many do, as models, influences, and so on.
The Psalm is full of God’s active involvement with his Creation. One verse reads:
but the verse that contains the thought of the sestet is:
Problem and resolution
Unfortunately, in Hopkins’ view, people have not been so wise. They have exploited the earth with their trade and toil; cut themselves off from it; and so lost both a sense of God and of Nature.
So, is there a solution? Hopkins’ response is interesting:
- not an appeal to us to reform our ways, as a modern writer might shape a response
- rather a second statement of faith, more powerful than the problem. Nature is constantly renewed, just as day always follows night, renewing the light.
A secular thought might be: Nature renews itself, a self-contained process.
Not so, says Hopkins:
- it is God through his Holy Spirit who does the renewing, with the same care and love as at the first Creation
- however badly people treat the Creation, God is at work re-creating it. That is his hope.
- Read Psalms 104:1-35
- Do you see any other thoughts or images from the sonnet mirrored in the Psalm?
- What is your attitude to the exploitation of the earth?
- Do you share Hopkins’ hope, or do you see the problem as being beyond solution?
- Why does Hopkins see the resolution in God rather than in people?
- Today's New International Version
- 1The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of his hands.
- King James Version
- 1The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handywork.
- Today's New International Version
- 20For since the creation of the world God's invisible qualities - his eternal power and divine nature - have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that people are without excuse.
- King James Version
- 20For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse:
- Today's New International Version
- 24How many are your works, LORD! In wisdom you made them all; the earth is full of your creatures.
- King James Version
- 24O LORD, how manifold are thy works! in wisdom hast thou made them all: the earth is full of thy riches.
- Today's New International Version
- 30When you send your Spirit, they are created, and you renew the face of the ground.
- King James Version
- 30Thou sendest forth thy spirit, they are created: and thou renewest the face of the earth.
- Today's New International Version
- 1Praise the LORD, my soul. LORD my God, you are very great; you are clothed with splendour and majesty. 2The LORD wraps himself in light as with a garment; he stretches out the heavens like a tent 3and lays the beams of his upper chambers on their waters. He makes the clouds his chariot and rides on the wings of the wind. 4He makes winds his messengers, flames of fire his servants. 5He set the earth on its foundations; it can never be moved. 6You covered it with the deep as with a garment; the waters stood above the mountains. 7But at your rebuke the waters fled, at the sound of your thunder they took to flight; 8they flowed over the mountains, they went down into the valleys, to the place you assigned for them. 9You set a boundary they cannot cross; never again will they cover the earth. 10He makes springs pour water into the ravines; it flows between the mountains. 11They give water to all the beasts of the field; the wild donkeys quench their thirst. 12The birds of the sky nest by the waters; they sing among the branches. 13He waters the mountains from his upper chambers; the land is satisfied by the fruit of his work. 14He makes grass grow for the cattle, and plants for people to cultivate - bringing forth food from the earth: 15wine that gladdens human hearts, oil to make their faces shine, and bread that sustains their hearts. 16The trees of the LORD are well watered, the cedars of Lebanon that he planted. 17There the birds make their nests; the stork has its home in the junipers. 18The high mountains belong to the wild goats; the crags are a refuge for the hyrax. 19He made the moon to mark the seasons, and the sun knows when to go down. 20You bring darkness, it becomes night, and all the beasts of the forest prowl. 21The lions roar for their prey and seek their food from God. 22The sun rises, and they steal away; they return and lie down in their dens. 23Then people go out to their work, to their labour until evening. 24How many are your works, LORD! In wisdom you made them all; the earth is full of your creatures. 25There is the sea, vast and spacious, teeming with creatures beyond number - living things both large and small. 26There the ships go to and fro, and the leviathan, which you formed to frolic there. 27All creatures look to you to give them their food at the proper time. 28When you give it to them, they gather it up; when you open your hand, they are satisfied with good things. 29When you hide your face, they are terrified; when you take away their breath, they die and return to the dust. 30When you send your Spirit, they are created, and you renew the face of the ground. 31May the glory of the LORD endure for ever; may the LORD rejoice in his works - 32he who looks at the earth, and it trembles, who touches the mountains, and they smoke. 33I will sing to the LORD all my life; I will sing praise to my God as long as I live. 34May my meditation be pleasing to him, as I rejoice in the LORD. 35But may sinners vanish from the earth and the wicked be no more. Praise the LORD, my soul. Praise the LORD.
- King James Version
- 1Bless the LORD, O my soul. O LORD my God, thou art very great; thou art clothed with honour and majesty. 2Who coverest thyself with light as with a garment: who stretchest out the heavens like a curtain: 3Who layeth the beams of his chambers in the waters: who maketh the clouds his chariot: who walketh upon the wings of the wind: 4Who maketh his angels spirits; his ministers a flaming fire: 5Who laid the foundations of the earth, that it should not be removed for ever. 6Thou coveredst it with the deep as with a garment: the waters stood above the mountains. 7At thy rebuke they fled; at the voice of thy thunder they hasted away. 8They go up by the mountains; they go down by the valleys unto the place which thou hast founded for them. 9Thou hast set a bound that they may not pass over; that they turn not again to cover the earth. 10He sendeth the springs into the valleys, which run among the hills. 11They give drink to every beast of the field: the wild asses quench their thirst. 12By them shall the fowls of the heaven have their habitation, which sing among the branches. 13He watereth the hills from his chambers: the earth is satisfied with the fruit of thy works. 14He causeth the grass to grow for the cattle, and herb for the service of man: that he may bring forth food out of the earth; 15And wine that maketh glad the heart of man, and oil to make his face to shine, and bread which strengtheneth man's heart. 16The trees of the LORD are full of sap; the cedars of Lebanon, which he hath planted; 17Where the birds make their nests: as for the stork, the fir trees are her house. 18The high hills are a refuge for the wild goats; and the rocks for the conies. 19He appointed the moon for seasons: the sun knoweth his going down. 20Thou makest darkness, and it is night: wherein all the beasts of the forest do creep forth. 21The young lions roar after their prey, and seek their meat from God. 22The sun ariseth, they gather themselves together, and lay them down in their dens. 23Man goeth forth unto his work and to his labour until the evening. 24O LORD, how manifold are thy works! in wisdom hast thou made them all: the earth is full of thy riches. 25So is this great and wide sea, wherein are things creeping innumerable, both small and great beasts. 26There go the ships: there is that leviathan, whom thou hast made to play therein. 27These wait all upon thee; that thou mayest give them their meat in due season. 28That thou givest them they gather: thou openest thine hand, they are filled with good. 29Thou hidest thy face, they are troubled: thou takest away their breath, they die, and return to their dust. 30Thou sendest forth thy spirit, they are created: and thou renewest the face of the earth. 31The glory of the LORD shall endure for ever: the LORD shall rejoice in his works. 32He looketh on the earth, and it trembleth: he toucheth the hills, and they smoke. 33I will sing unto the LORD as long as I live: I will sing praise to my God while I have my being. 34My meditation of him shall be sweet: I will be glad in the LORD. 35Let the sinners be consumed out of the earth, and let the wicked be no more. Bless thou the LORD, O my soul. Praise ye the LORD.
The world is charged with the grandeur of God.
It will flame out, like shining from shook foil;
It gathers to a greatness, like the ooze of oil
Crushed. Why do men then now not reck his rod?
Generations have trod, have trod, have trod;
And all is seared with trade; bleared, smeared with
toil;
And wears man's smudge and shares man's smell:
the soil
Is bare now, nor can foot feel, being shod.
And for all this, nature is never spent;
There lives the dearest freshness deep down things;
And though the last lights off the black West went
Oh, morning, at the brown brink eastward, springs--
Because the Holy Ghost over the bent
World broods with warm breast and with ah!
bright wings.
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